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Milk, Cheese, and Pizza Per capita consumption of milk declined from 31 gallons in 1970 to 24 gallons in 1997 (64). Concurrently, cheese consumption increased 146%, from 11 lbs per person in 1970 to 28 lbs per person in 1997 (64). Two thirds of the cheese is used in commercially prepared products such as pizza, tacos, nachos, and fast-food sandwiches (64). Increases in cheese consumption also reflect the increased consumption of pizza, both frozen and restaurant or carryout. According to food supply data, pizza consumption increased 150% between 1977/1978 and 1994. Total pizza sales increased 25% from 1991–1995, to $22.2 billion in 1995 (16). ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON EATING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Simone A French, Mary Story, and Robert W Jeffery University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology, 1300 South Second Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454; e-mail: french@epi.umn.edu, story@epi.umn.edu, and jeffery@epi.umn.edu Annu. Rev. Public Health 2001. 22:309–35 Copyright c 200...

http://www.citylab.com/politics/2012/06/book-burning-campaign-saved-public-library/2412/ Another day, another strange saga from the small city of Troy, Michigan. Late last year local officials  turned down $8.5 million  in free federal money for a transit center. (City council members  eventually approved  a scaled-back project.) Weeks later news emerged that the city's tea party mayor, Janice Daniels, made an anti-gay comment in public,  again . Now we learn that it took a book-burning campaign to save the city's library. Well, kind of. According to one survey, 72 percent of Troy residents wanted to keep the library's funding level or even increase it. After the recession hit, Troy, like so many municipalities, made some major cuts to its public spending. One unfortunate victim of the budget line was the Troy Public Library. In 2009, the Troy library was named a  top ten facility  for its population class (under 50,000). By February 2010, Troy...

Climate change may become a significant factor in impelling environmental migration. The expansion of the hole in the ozone layer, global warming, and anticipated increases in sea levels would have significant population displacement implications. For example, a report by the U.S. National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and Institute of Medicine (1991:24) concludes that while understanding of complex global climatic systems is limited, some radical changes which will increase global temperatures must be considered plausible: - As high altitude tundra melts, CH4 would be released, increasing greenhouse warming. - Increased freshwater runoff in high latitudes and reduced differentials in temperature between poles and equator could radically change ocean currents, leading to altered weather patterns. - There could be a significant melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, resulting in a sea level several meters higher than it is today. The report concludes that, while ...

"Human  consumption  of meat and  dairy  products is a major driver of climate change but has been largely overlooked in national and international climate change policy. Using data obtained from a twelve-country survey and from focus groups and stakeholder meetings in Brazil, China, the United States, and the United Kingdom, this report explores public understanding and awareness of the links between meat and  dairy consumption  and climate change. It makes recommendations as to how state and nonstate actors can develop policies that support sustainable diets at the national and international level. The report will help to inform discussion around demand-side measures to reduce the climate impact of the livestock sector, measures that are essential to meet international climate targets and realize important health, environmental and societal benefits."  Changing climate, changing diets : pathways to lower meat  consumption :  / Lau...

doi: 10.2527/1995.7382483x Methane emissions from cattle. K A Johnson  and  D E Johnson +  Author Affiliations Abstract Increasing atmospheric concentrations of methane have led scientists to examine its sources of origin. Ruminant livestock can produce 250 to 500 L of methane per day. This level of production results in estimates of the contribution by cattle to global warming that may occur in the next 50 to 100 yr to be a little less than 2%. Many factors influence methane emissions from cattle and include the following: level of feed intake, type of carbohydrate in the diet, feed processing, addition of lipids or ionophores to the diet, and alterations in the ruminal microflora. Manipulation of these factors can reduce methane emissions from cattle. Many techniques exist to quantify methane emissions from individual or groups of animals. Enclosure techniques are precise but require trained animals and may limit animal movement. Isotopic and...

Cognitive and Affective Experiential Processes 1. Consciousness Raising (Get the Facts) 2. Dramatic Relief (Pay Attention to Feelings) 3. Environmental Reevaluation (Notice Your Effect on Others) 4. Self-Reevaluation (Create a New Self-Image) 5. Social Liberation (Notice Public Support) Processes Behavioral Processes 6. Self-Liberation (Make a Commitment) 7. Counter Conditioning (Use Substitutes) 8. Helping Relationships (Get Support) 9. Reinforcement Management (Use Rewards) 10. Stimulus Control (Manage Your Environment)

Theorising about health behavior change should not be reduced to the motivation phase only, while omitting the subsequent action phase that is more decisive for behavior change. Advanced continuum models, therefore, need to include factors that help to bridge the intention–behavior gap. In doing so, it is implicitly assumed that there are at least two processes of behavior change, a motivational one that ends with an intention, and a volitional one that ends with successful performance. Thus, any extension of traditional continuum models in this direction implicitly adopts the idea of distinct processes, stages, or phases in health behavior change.     The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM; e.g.  DiClemente & Prochaska, 1982 ;  Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983 ;  Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992 ;  Velicer, Prochaska, & Redding, 2006 ), for example, has become the most popular stage model. It implies that differen...